Introduction
Peripheral joint mobilisation is a manual therapy technique used in physiotherapy to treat musculoskeletal conditions affecting the joints outside the spine, such as the shoulders, elbows, wrists, hips, knees, and ankles. This technique involves applying controlled and rhythmic movements to a joint to improve its range of motion, reduce pain, and restore normal function. It is especially effective for treating joint stiffness, post-injury recovery, and conditions like arthritis.
In this article, we’ll explore the benefits, methods, and applications of peripheral joint mobilisation in physiotherapy.
What is Peripheral Joint Mobilisation?
Peripheral joint mobilisation is a hands-on therapy technique where the physiotherapist uses slow, controlled movements to stretch the joint capsule and surrounding tissues. The aim is to increase joint mobility, relieve pain, and promote healing. Unlike spinal mobilisation, which targets the vertebrae, peripheral joint mobilisation focuses on the body’s extremities.
There are different grades of joint mobilisation, ranging from gentle oscillatory movements to more intense stretching techniques. The choice of grade depends on the severity of the condition, the level of pain, and the patient’s tolerance.
Benefits of Peripheral Joint Mobilisation
- Pain Reduction
Joint mobilisation helps alleviate pain by reducing pressure on the affected joint structures and improving blood flow, which can help to reduce inflammation.
- Increased Range of Motion
This technique can restore normal movement in joints that have become stiff or restricted due to injury, surgery, or degenerative conditions. It helps improve flexibility and facilitates a return to daily activities.
- Improved Joint Function
By addressing joint dysfunction, mobilisation enhances the overall function of the joint, leading to better coordination and movement patterns.
- Reduction of Muscle Tension
Mobilising the joint can also alleviate muscle tightness around the joint, promoting relaxation and reducing the risk of muscle spasms.
- Facilitation of Healing
Peripheral joint mobilisation can promote the healing of injured tissues by increasing circulation around the joint, which enhances nutrient delivery and waste removal.
Conditions Treated with Peripheral Joint Mobilisation
Peripheral joint mobilisation is effective for various conditions affecting the joints, such as:
- Arthritis: Joint mobilisation helps manage the pain and stiffness associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, especially in the knees, hips, and hands.
- Post-Surgical Rehabilitation: Mobilisation aids in restoring movement and function following joint surgeries such as rotator cuff repairs.
- Joint Injuries: Conditions like sprains, dislocations, or ligament injuries can benefit from joint mobilisation to regain mobility.
- Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis): Mobilising the shoulder joint helps restore range of motion in cases of adhesive capsulitis.
- Sports Injuries: Athletes recovering from injuries like ankle sprains or tennis elbow can benefit from joint mobilisation to speed up recovery and restore function.
Is Peripheral Joint Mobilisation Safe?
Peripheral joint mobilisation is considered a safe and effective technique when performed by a trained physiotherapist. The therapy is customised to each patient’s needs, ensuring that the level of mobilisation is appropriate for the condition being treated. While the technique is generally safe, it may not be suitable for joints with active inflammation, fractures, or severe joint instability.
A physiotherapist will perform a thorough assessment before starting any joint mobilisation to determine the suitability of this therapy.
What to Expect During a Peripheral Joint Mobilisation Session
During the session, the physiotherapist will position the patient in a way that allows access to the joint needing treatment. Using their hands, they will perform slow, controlled oscillations or stretching movements, depending on the desired effect. The treatment usually lasts between 15 to 30 minutes, and multiple sessions may be necessary for optimal results.
Patients may feel a gentle stretching or slight discomfort during the technique, but it should not be painful. Any post-treatment soreness typically resolves within 24 hours.
Conclusion
Peripheral joint mobilisation is an effective manual therapy technique used to treat a variety of joint-related conditions. It helps reduce pain, increase mobility, and promote healing, making it a valuable tool in physiotherapy. When combined with other treatments, such as exercise or soft tissue therapy, joint mobilisation can significantly improve the recovery process.