082 927 1990 kermann@tiscali.co.za

Introduction

Pre-operative exercise, also known as prehabilitation, involves targeted exercises and physical conditioning before undergoing surgery. The goal is to improve strength, flexibility, and overall fitness, which can help enhance recovery outcomes and reduce the risk of complications. Pre-operative exercise programs are especially beneficial for individuals preparing for orthopaedic surgeries such as joint replacements, spinal surgery, or ligament repairs.

In this article, we’ll explore the benefits, methods, and applications of pre-operative exercise in physiotherapy.

What is Pre-Operative Exercise?

Pre-operative exercise focuses on conditioning the body before surgery to optimise physical readiness and improve post-operative recovery. The program typically includes:

  1. Strength Training  

Exercises to build muscle strength, particularly in areas that will be affected by the surgery. For example, strengthening the quadriceps and hamstrings before knee surgery.

  1. Flexibility and Stretching  

Targeted stretching exercises to improve range of motion and joint flexibility, making post-operative rehabilitation smoother.

  1. Cardiovascular Conditioning  

Low-impact aerobic exercises, such as cycling or walking, to improve overall fitness and endurance.

  1. Breathing Exercises  

Techniques to enhance lung function, which can be particularly helpful before surgeries that may affect respiratory function.

Benefits of Pre-Operative Exercise

  1. Enhanced Recovery Outcomes  

Pre-operative exercise helps improve muscle strength, joint flexibility, and cardiovascular fitness, making it easier to regain function after surgery.

  1. Reduced Post-Operative Pain  

By strengthening muscles and improving flexibility before surgery, patients may experience less pain during the early stages of post-operative recovery.

  1. Shorter Hospital Stays  

Patients who engage in pre-operative exercise often recover faster, leading to shorter hospital stays and quicker discharge times.

  1. Lower Risk of Complications  

Improved physical conditioning helps reduce the risk of postoperative complications, such as infections or blood clots.

  1. Better Mental Preparation  

Engaging in a pre-operative exercise program can help alleviate anxiety and build confidence, as patients feel more prepared for surgery.

Conditions Treated with Pre-Operative Exercise

Pre-operative exercise programs can benefit individuals undergoing various types of surgeries, including:

  • Joint Replacements: Such as knee or hip replacements, where prehabilitation helps strengthen the surrounding muscles.
  • Spinal Surgery: Exercises to improve core strength, for example,  and mobility can support better recovery after spinal procedures.
  • Arthroscopic Surgeries: Such as shoulder or knee arthroscopy, where muscle conditioning can aid in regaining function.
  • Ligament Repair: Strengthening exercises help prepare the muscles around the joint for surgeries like ACL reconstruction.
  • Cardiothoracic Surgery: Breathing exercises can enhance lung function and improve outcomes in surgeries involving the chest or heart.

Is Pre-Operative Exercise Safe?

Pre-operative exercise is generally safe and effective when tailored to the individual’s condition and performed under the guidance of a qualified physiotherapist. The program is customised based on the patient’s medical history, type of surgery, and fitness level. It is important for the physiotherapist to monitor the exercises closely to ensure they are performed correctly and to avoid any activities that could aggravate the condition.

What to Expect During a Pre-Operative Exercise Program

The pre-operative exercise program will begin with an initial assessment to determine the patient’s physical condition, surgical requirements, and fitness goals. Based on this evaluation, a personalised exercise plan will be developed, which may include:

  • Strength and Conditioning Exercises: Targeted muscle-strengthening activities that focus on the areas involved in the surgery.
  • Stretching and Flexibility Training: Exercises to improve joint range of motion.
  • Aerobic Exercise: Low-impact cardiovascular exercises to enhance overall fitness.
  • Breathing Techniques: Instruction on breathing exercises to support lung function.

Patients will typically participate in the program 2 to 3 times per week for several weeks leading up to the surgery. The physiotherapist will adjust the intensity and duration of the exercises based on the patient’s progress.

Conclusion

Pre-operative exercise plays a vital role in preparing the body for surgery and enhancing recovery outcomes. By improving strength, flexibility, and cardiovascular fitness before the procedure, patients can reduce the risk of complications and shorten their recovery time. A comprehensive prehabilitation program tailored to the individual’s needs ensures a smoother transition to post-operative rehabilitation and promotes a successful surgical outcome.