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Introduction

Nebulisation is a respiratory therapy technique used to deliver medication directly into the lungs in the form of a fine mist. This method allows the medication to be inhaled, providing fast and effective relief for respiratory conditions such as pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchitis. Nebulisation helps open the airways, reduce inflammation, and ease breathing difficulties.

In this article, we’ll explore the benefits, methods, and applications of nebulisation in physiotherapy.

What is Nebulisation?

Nebulisation involves using a nebuliser device to convert liquid medication into a fine aerosol that can be inhaled through a mouthpiece or mask. The mist travels directly to the airways and lungs, where it acts quickly to relieve symptoms. 

Benefits of Nebulisation

  1. Direct Delivery to the Lungs  

The medication reaches the airways and lungs directly, providing rapid relief for respiratory symptoms.

  1. Effective for Severe Breathing Difficulties  

Nebulisation is ideal for managing acute respiratory conditions, such as lung infections, asthma attacks or exacerbations of COPD.

  1. Easy to Use for All Ages  

The therapy is suitable for infants, young children, and older adults.

  1. Supports Mucus Clearance  

Certain medications used in nebulisation help loosen mucus, making it easier to cough up and clear the airways.

  1. Flexible Medication Delivery  

Various medications, such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and mucolytics, can be administered through nebulisation to address different symptoms.

Conditions Treated with Nebulisation

Nebulisation is effective for a variety of respiratory conditions, including:

  • Respiratory Infections: Supports the treatment of infections that cause airway constriction and mucus buildup.
  • Asthma: Provides rapid relief during asthma attacks by delivering bronchodilators to open the airways.
  • Bronchitis: Delivers medication that reduces airway inflammation and clears mucus from the lungs.
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Helps reduce inflammation and improve airflow in patients experiencing a COPD flare-up.
  • Cystic Fibrosis: Assists in thinning mucus, making it easier to expel and improving lung function.

Is Nebulisation Safe?

Nebulisation is generally safe and effective when used as prescribed by a healthcare professional. The type and dosage of medication should be carefully monitored, especially for individuals with certain medical conditions, such as heart disease or severe hypertension. Some potential side effects, such as increased heart rate or mild throat irritation, may occur depending on the medication used. A physiotherapist or healthcare provider will ensure that the therapy is appropriate and guide the patient on its correct use.

What to Expect During a Nebulisation Session

During the nebulisation session, the patient will be seated comfortably and asked to use a mouthpiece or face mask connected to the nebuliser device. The liquid medication is placed in the nebuliser chamber, and the device converts it into a mist. The patient inhales the mist slowly and deeply to ensure that the medication reaches the lower airways.

A typical session lasts 5 to 15 minutes, depending on the amount of medication. The patient may be encouraged to cough afterward to help clear any loosened mucus from the airways.

Conclusion

Nebulisation is an effective respiratory therapy that delivers medication directly to the lungs, providing rapid relief from symptoms and improving lung function. It plays a crucial role in managing acute and chronic respiratory conditions, offering a convenient and flexible solution for patients of all ages. When used as part of a comprehensive physiotherapy program, nebulisation can significantly enhance functionality for individuals dealing with respiratory issues.